Spiritual Evidence Map
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BookprimarycontextVerified

What Makes Time Special?

Craig Callender · 2017 · Oxford University Press

Spiritual Evidence Map/Last updated May 10, 2026/Claims v1.0.0-provisional/Sources v1.0.0/Scores provisional
Citation dossier

This source is used as context evidence across 1 linked claim and 3 related evidence hubs. Its citation record is marked verified; that verifies the source trail, not the truth of any linked claim.

Source type
Book
Map role
context
Claim links
1
Direct access
Recorded

Summary

Book-length treatment of the conflict between manifest time and physical time, covering relativity, philosophy of time, biology, psychology, and why time appears special to creatures like us.

How this source is used on the map

Useful modern authority for time pages because it connects physics, metaphysics, and experience rather than reducing the question to a slogan.

Citation record

Authors
Craig Callender
Year
2017
Publication
Oxford University Press
Source type
Book
Map role
context
Credibility level
primary
Citation status
Verified
DOI
Not recorded
PubMed
Not recorded
PDF
Not recorded
Original source →

Linked claims

Evidence score 7/10
Does time exist?

Umbrella entry for the time question. Time, in some real sense, undeniably organises both experience and physics. Whether it is fundamental, emergent, or illusory is what's actually contested.

Related evidence hubs

Topic hub
Reality & Time

Physics-adjacent worldviews — block universe, many-worlds, simulation, free will.

Evidence pillar
Reality & time models

Block universe, presentism, eternalism, emergent time.

Evidence pillar
Physics-adjacent worldview theories

Many-worlds, simulation, mathematical universe.

Related sources

Philosophy reference · context
Being and Becoming in Modern Physics

Direct treatment of the physics-of-time question — exactly the territory the block-universe claim lives in, without reducing the debate to a slogan.

Philosophy reference · context
Time

Explains what each of the time-models actually claims before any physics is brought in.

Journal article · challenges
The Unreality of Time

Gives the time-exists page a canonical anti-realist anchor rather than treating the question as only a physics issue.