Every claim links into this reusable source database. Verified sources are indexable authority pages; sources still marked for review remain visible but are kept out of the sitemap until citation review is done.
Citation metadata and a stable URL have been checked. This verifies the source record, not the metaphysical claim.
Future records can stay visible for editorial transparency while remaining out of the sitemap until reviewed.
One of the canonical modern statements of the Boltzmann-brain comparison and its implications for inflation.
The most-discussed modern empirical paper claiming evidence for precognition; directly triggered the Wagenmakers et al. critique and helped catalyse psychology's broader replication-crisis conversation.
A central pro-psi anchor for ganzfeld/free-response claims, especially telepathy-style information transfer under sensory-reduction conditions.
The key modern meta-analytic source for micro-PK claims: important because it reports a signal but also makes the interpretive weakness visible.
Core neuroscience counterweight for OBE pages because it links the felt sense of bodily self-location to brain mechanisms.
Primary psychological source for the idea that apparent novel memories can sometimes come from forgotten exposure rather than paranormal access.
Useful modern authority for time pages because it connects physics, metaphysics, and experience rather than reducing the question to a slogan.
Important for apparition and ADC pages because it shows how common bereavement-related perceptions can be without requiring a paranormal interpretation.
Supports a limited evidence-based version of dream meaning: dreams can reveal recurring concerns and patterns without requiring prophetic or supernatural interpretation.
Shows that OBE-like self-location can be induced through multisensory perception, weakening literal body-leaving interpretations while supporting the reality of the experience.
Gives the nondual meditation page a neuroscience anchor while keeping metaphysical interpretations separate from the measured meditation states.
Supports the reality of lucid dreaming as a measurable state while leaving spiritual interpretations of dream travel or insight as separate claims.
Strengthens the ordinary-memory explanation for many past-life regression reports, especially adult cases involving prior exposure.
Gives the time-exists page a canonical anti-realist anchor rather than treating the question as only a physics issue.
Important for apparition claims because it explains many encounter reports through normal bereavement experience without dismissing their emotional reality.
Supports the limited claim that suffering can sometimes be followed by growth without proving that suffering was cosmically intended.
Keeps the suffering-growth pages balanced by separating real meaning-making from the overclaim that trauma is reliably beneficial.
A strong cognitive counterweight for synchronicity and meaning-pattern claims: humans are built to find patterns, especially under uncertainty.
The key modern empirical anchor for DMT entity pages: it supports the robustness of entity-encounter reports while not proving external beings.
Adds qualitative depth to the DMT entity record without treating subjective encounter structure as evidence that the entities exist independently.
Useful pro-plant-cognition context, but it addresses signaling and adaptive behavior rather than subjective experience.
Keeps the plant-consciousness page from confusing complex plant signaling with evidence of felt experience.
Primary skeptical anchor for the plant-consciousness page.
Important for distinguishing plant intelligence from plant consciousness: the former is a live conceptual debate, the latter remains much more speculative.
Supports the limited psychological version of 'higher self': people can access wiser self-perspectives without requiring a separate metaphysical self.
Useful for separating serious philosophy of self from spiritualized higher-self language.
Gives the higher-self page a tradition-side psychological source while keeping Jung's Self distinct from a literal external guide.
Supports the psychological truth beneath 'everything happens for a reason' while challenging the metaphysical claim that events are arranged for a purpose.
Places solipsism inside the broader skeptical tradition rather than treating it as an empirical worldview.
A central philosophical challenge to solipsistic pictures of meaning, language, and private experience.
Useful counter-anchor for solipsism because it shows the canonical common-sense reply and its limits.
Directly relevant to soul-groups claims because that literature usually depends on hypnotic regression rather than spontaneous child-memory cases.
A high-trust methodology source for separating spontaneous child cases from regression-derived soul-group narratives.
Important as a genealogy source for the belief, not as verified evidence that soul groups exist.
Useful skeptical source for sacred geometry because golden-ratio myths are a major pathway from real mathematics to metaphysical overclaim.
A core positive mediumship paper because it explicitly targets cold reading, sitter cueing, experimenter cueing, and fraud as alternative explanations.
Useful as a claimed replication/extension of the 2007 Windbridge-style protocol; still controversial, but much stronger than anecdotal stage mediumship.
The largest, best-funded trial of distant intercessory prayer to date. Null result.
Major physical objection to Boltzmann-brain dominance: the static de Sitter vacuum is sterile, so the mathematical fluctuation probability does not translate into real observers.
One of the strongest brain-based counterweights in the NDE debate because it shows near-death neural activity can become organized rather than simply switching off.
The historical origin of the entire fluctuation-cosmology line of reasoning.
The canonical primary source for the simulation hypothesis as a philosophical argument.
The most-cited rigorous test of literal-prediction astrology; the result is null and has not been overturned by subsequent replications.
The most accessible book-length introduction to why physicists worry about the Boltzmann-brain problem and how it interacts with the arrow of time.
The standard reference for the cognitive-instability resolution and the philosophical case against taking Boltzmann-brain dominance as a real prediction.
The single most-cited critique of pure physicalist accounts of mind.
Useful companion to Carlson's Nature test because it surveys a broader evidence base rather than one double-blind experiment.
The paper that reignited modern interest in the Boltzmann-brain problem by linking it directly to the accelerating expansion of our universe.
Major reference for the sceptical / cognitive-explanation side of psi-style claims.
Foundational source for the Barnum/Forer effect, a central ordinary-cognition explanation for astrology, tarot, numerology, and psychic readings feeling personally accurate.
Methodological backbone of empirical NDE research — without this scale most later studies could not be compared.
Adds a second medical-cohort anchor beside van Lommel and AWARE, useful for showing that NDE research is not based only on retrospective anecdote.
The canonical historical case base for spontaneous precognition and related psi-style experiences; cited across the field as the starting point for spontaneous-case methodology.
Pairs directly with the Storm et al. meta-analysis — the classic skeptical reply in the same journal issue.
Essential counterweight to Utts' positive assessment of the Stargate / remote-viewing evidence; the two reports should be read together.
Standard reference body for NDE-related claims; archives many first-person accounts and links to peer-reviewed work.
A strong clinical source for deathbed-vision pages because it studies the experience in hospice patients without requiring a survivalist interpretation.
Important physiological counter-evidence because it connects NDE reports to measurable blood-gas variables rather than relying on a purely speculative brain model.
A strong neuroscience anchor for the brain-dependence side of the consciousness cluster, while still admitting unresolved problems.
Core controlled-evidence source for separating possible relaxation/attention benefits from the unproven claim of transmitted healing energy.
The single study most often cited as evidence against libertarian free will. Almost every later debate is downstream of it.
Supports the limited psychological version of manifestation: goals and expectancy can change behavior, not reality itself.
Sets up one of the main physical pathways for resolving the paradox — vacuum decay into terminal states before BBs can dominate.
The most-cited modern meta-analysis on presentiment; central to debate about whether physiology can show anticipatory responses to future stimuli.
The classic skeptical replication counterpoint to Bem and Honorton, useful for keeping ganzfeld pages from presenting a one-sided meta-analytic story.
A concise, mainstream skeptical anchor for NDE interpretation pages; especially useful paired with replies from NDE researchers.
Important because the reincarnation case literature depends heavily on whether patterns survive outside Stevenson's own fieldwork.
Useful counterweight to manifestation claims: visualization can affect motivation, but fantasy by itself can reduce effort rather than magically produce outcomes.
The defining paper for terminal lucidity as a serious clinical phenomenon worth studying.
The clearest statement of how the Boltzmann-brain count is tamed by a finite vacuum lifetime; companion paper to 'Return of the Boltzmann brains'.
Most-cited rigorous attempt at empirically testing claims of conscious awareness during clinical death.
Useful authority source for careful language: it separates recalled experiences of death from broad spiritual conclusions and lays out better future-study standards.
Modern follow-up to AWARE that keeps the page current and helps distinguish reported awareness during resuscitation from stronger afterlife interpretations.
The reference systematic review on the question; conclusion is null overall.
A compact, famous controlled test of human-energy-field perception, relevant to aura and energy-healing claims even though it targets therapeutic touch rather than Reiki specifically.
Major reinterpretation of Libet — important counterweight to popular 'neuroscience disproves free will' framing.
Direct background for any claim about whether something of the person survives death, and a useful guardrail against treating survival as a single simple proposition.
Direct treatment of the physics-of-time question — exactly the territory the block-universe claim lives in, without reducing the debate to a slogan.
Useful for separating physical determinism (a contested empirical claim) from determinism in the popular sense.
The standard sceptical argument against AI consciousness; required reading for any serious treatment.
Companion to the consciousness-animal entry; useful for claims about animal navigation, recognition, and inference.
The default canonical reference for what compatibilism actually claims, against which most popular versions are pitched.
Useful background for claims involving God, religious figures, or traditions because it clarifies what counts as a religious claim before evidence is weighed.
Pulls together the conceptual frameworks behind every empirical claim about consciousness.
The default reference for the case that mammals, birds, and at least some invertebrates are conscious.
Background for theological readings of contemporary cosmology, useful for separating genuine cosmological evidence from retrospective religious interpretation.
Reference for any claim involving the cognitive nature of dreams, especially claims that dreams are spiritually revelatory or anomalously predictive.
The reference for what mind-body dualism means and why most contemporary philosophers reject it.
Use this as the conceptual guardrail for destiny and 'it was meant to be' claims. It separates fatalism from causal determinism, which popular spirituality often blends together.
Frames the anthropic / multiverse / design debate that simulation, mathematical-universe, and theism claims all engage with.
Establishes the philosophical landscape any modern empirical claim about free will is sitting inside.
Functionalism is the implicit metaphysics behind the case that AI could be conscious.
Reference for claims about postmortem destinations within Christian frameworks; it clarifies the conceptual options before any evidential claim is assessed.
The reference for what 'reality is consciousness' / Berkeleyan / analytic idealism actually claims.
Any claim about surviving death or being reincarnated presupposes a theory of personal identity. This entry sets the terms.
The standard reference for any claim about life-purpose, growth-through-suffering, or meaning-making; it keeps existential claims distinct from evidence claims.
Steel-manned reference for what the many-worlds interpretation actually says, useful because popular versions often overstate what the physics entails.
Background for the strongest version of 'consciousness = brain activity', and a useful contrast with dualist, idealist, and panpsychist claims.
Default reference for the miracles claim's epistemic status; covers the Humean argument and the modern probabilistic responses.
Use this as the conceptual anchor for non-dual, unitive, and psychedelic-mystical claims. It supports the seriousness of the experience category without treating the metaphysical interpretation as settled.
Use this as the philosophical background for solipsism and for disputed minds in non-human or artificial systems. It is context, not direct evidence that any specific entity is conscious.
Steel-manned version of the panpsychist position, distinct from popular caricatures.
Reference for claims that the universe itself is divine or conscious; it helps keep poetic, religious, and metaphysical versions of the claim distinct.
The reference work for what 'physicalism' even means before any empirical question is asked.
Background for any claim that mathematical structures are real and possibly identical with the universe; it clarifies the ontology behind mathematical-universe claims.
Background reference for any claim that hinges on the foundations of QM, especially many-worlds, emergent-time, and physics-adjacent metaphysical claims.
The default scholarly reference for what Many-Worlds actually claims and where it is contested.
Defines the technical concept ('what it is like') most often invoked in disputes about consciousness.
Academic frame for first-person mystical and psychedelic experience reports, especially when users ask whether an experience can justify a metaphysical belief.
The standard reference for the relativity-based case for a block universe and a useful counterweight to overly simple 'physics proves fate' claims.
Explains what each of the time-models actually claims before any physics is brought in.
The most detailed primary case-archive specifically targeting the birthmark/wound correspondence claim.
Useful because it weakens the objection that all cases are simply products of cultures with explicit reincarnation belief.
A shorter primary paper that makes the birthmark/wound claim directly, useful beside the much larger 1997 monograph.
One of the strongest pro-psi statistical summaries published in a mainstream APA journal.
The primary source for the mathematical-universe claim. Sceptics treat the proposal as untestable; defenders treat it as the simplest ontology.
A key bridge source: it is not proof of panpsychism, but it explains why some consciousness researchers treat mind-like properties as potentially graded and widespread.
Exactly the sort of review the user-facing example refers to — written by the principal investigator at DOPS.
The leading academic group publishing on cases of children claiming past-life memories and on Greyson's NDE work.
The institutional home for serious empirical work on past-life memories and survival-related anomalies.
First major prospective NDE study in a peer-reviewed general medical journal, central because it moved the debate beyond retrospective anecdote.
Foundational sceptical reply — also helped trigger the broader replication-crisis conversation in psychology.
Core pro-remote-viewing evaluation from the Stargate review period; should be paired with Hyman's evaluation to show the interpretive split.
Useful modern counterweight to earlier RNG meta-analyses because it focuses on evidential strength rather than only significance testing.
Reasonable general reference for after-death communication language; the term itself is relatively recent in the academic literature.
Default reference for the angels claim; covers both the traditional theological role and the modern popular forms (guardian angels, angel numbers).
Documents the phenomenon as a 21st-century pop-spiritual movement; flags its links to the Barnum effect and apophenia.
Mainstream-science context for claims that animals 'sense' impending events: many such reports have ordinary sensory explanations.
Useful background for the 'intention affects physical systems' claim; covers the PEAR programme and its critics.
Covers both the anomalistic-psychology framing and the survival-research framing, making it useful context for separating experiences from spirit interpretations.
Use this for the astral-projection interpretation layer. Pair it with out-of-body and neurological sources so the claimed travel mechanism is not confused with the broader OBE phenomenon.
Pair with 'Astrology and science' for the controlled-study record.
The single best summary for why astrology, as a literal predictive system, fails controlled tests.
Includes the standard skeptical critique and the conflation with Kirlian photography.
The single most-cited cognitive mechanism behind subjectively-convincing astrology, tarot, cold-reading, and 'this happened for a reason' inferences.
Distinguishes the contemplative-symbolic original use from the modern 'physical energy organ' reading.
Direct reference for the 'cold reading explains mediumship' skeptical hypothesis.
Standard ordinary-cognition explanation for shared mistaken-memory phenomena (Mandela effect) and for elaborated 'past-life' or paranormal narratives.
The standard ordinary-cognition explanation for many 'meaningful coincidence' and pattern-matching claims.
Direct reference for the cryptomnesia-explains-past-lives skeptical hypothesis.
Cites the most-discussed double-blind crystal study and is a reasonable starting point for the skeptical case.
Direct reference for the curses claim; covers both the practice traditions and the well-documented nocebo / expectation mechanisms.
Useful conceptual reference for any claim about long-term cosmology and the cosmological-horizon temperature.
Reasonable general-audience starting point for these phenomena, especially for distinguishing clinical reports from afterlife interpretation.
Default reference for the phenomenon and the mainstream cognitive-neuroscience explanations.
Default reference for the demons claim; pair with the existing wiki-devil entry for the personalised cosmic adversary.
Pair with SEP 'Fatalism' (already in the dataset) for the philosophical framing.
Useful for showing that devil claims vary sharply across traditions, so the evidence question has to specify which version of the concept is being evaluated.
Useful background for entity-encounter claims because it anchors the experiences in known pharmacology before evaluating metaphysical interpretations about independent beings or alternate realms.
Pair with the SEP 'Dreams and Dreaming' entry already in the dataset for the philosophical / scientific framing.
Useful conceptual framing for any 'energy healing' claim — explains why the term doesn't map onto measured forms of energy.
Primary tradition-side reference for the enlightenment claim; pair with wiki-moksha for the parallel Hindu framing and the SEP mysticism entry for the philosophical analysis.
Direct evidence for the harm-risk side of the magic / witchcraft claim; cited routinely in the historical-harm bullet.
Default reference for the evil-eye claim; covers the broad cross-cultural pattern and the protective-practice variants.
General-audience entry point; pair with SEP entries for specific arguments (cosmological, ontological, fine-tuning).
Default reference for the exorcism claim; covers the practice variants and the well-documented harm cases.
Background context for distant intercessory prayer alongside the STEP and Cochrane references below.
Catch-all reference for the broad ghost claim; pair with apparitional-experience and parapsychology entries for the specific phenomenology and lab-history strands.
Tradition-side companion to the SEP heaven-and-hell entry; covers the cross-religion variation the SEP entry deliberately limits to Christian thought.
Companion to wiki-heaven and the SEP heaven-and-hell entry; gives the cross-religion variation and the modern theological alternatives to eternal conscious torment.
Use this as a terminology map. It shows how popular spirituality blends traditions, but it does not establish that a literal higher self exists or can communicate independently.
Useful for the cross-cultural shape of karma claims; should be paired with primary religious-studies sources where possible.
Direct background for the 'manifestation' claim; covers both the practice and the criticisms.
Direct reference for the human-levitation claim; covers both the religious / mystical traditions and the controlled investigations.
Useful entry point for the well-established phenomenon; spiritual interpretations are a separate further question.
Companion to the witchcraft entry; gives the broader anthropology-of-magic framing.
Treats the Mandela effect as a high-profile case of well-studied false-memory mechanisms (schema-driven reconstruction, social contagion, source-monitoring errors).
Companion to SEP Physicalism — gives a less technical entry point.
Companion to the Tegmark primary paper; a more accessible starting point for non-specialists before reading the formal argument.
Useful for both the phenomenon's claims and the well-developed sceptical literature.
General reference for the miracles claim; pair with the SEP entry for the philosophical analysis.
Companion to wiki-enlightenment-buddhism — covers the Hindu / Jain / Sikh side of the same cross-tradition claim.
Useful contrast: shows where the actually-supported clinical evidence lies.
General reference that lays out the main neurophysiological explanations alongside the survivalist interpretations.
Useful general reference; classified as pseudoscience in the consensus view.
Use this for the broad OBE phenomenon. It should sit beside astral-projection and NDE sources so the experience, neurological mechanisms, and spiritual interpretation remain separate.
Useful general-audience anchor for psi-related claims; gives both the field's self-description and the standard sceptical critique.
Direct reference for regression-derived claims and cryptomnesia explanations. It should be clearly distinguished from spontaneous child past-life memory cases, which have a different evidence profile.
Use this for context around plant intelligence claims. It supports plant responsiveness and signaling, not the stronger claim that plants have subjective experience or pain.
Useful contrast for 'soul plan' claims, which are a non-theistic version of the predetermination idea.
General classificatory reference for weak-evidence claims such as crystals, numerology, and astrology. It should support caution and framing, not replace claim-specific tests.
Useful neutral entry point that surfaces both the practice and the negative controlled-trial picture.
Useful for the breadth of the concept across traditions, and for keeping doctrinal reincarnation distinct from empirical child-memory case research.
Companion to the UVa DOPS institutional page; covers the case-study methodology and the major sceptical objections.
Direct reference for sacred-geometry claims. It documents symbolism and recurring motifs, but stronger claims about hidden universal codes need separate mathematical or historical support.
Direct reference for the shadow-people claim; pair with sleep-paralysis and apparitional-experience entries for the underlying mechanisms.
Direct topical reference; the phenomenon is rarely covered in academic encyclopedias, so this serves as a limited orientation rather than strong evidence.
Companion to Bostrom's original paper; useful for reception history and for distinguishing the formal argument from looser simulation speculation.
Single most-cited mechanism behind shadow-people sightings, bedroom visitations, and many folkloric night-encounter traditions.
Useful general-audience entry point; the SEP 'Other Minds' entry is the deeper academic reference.
Closest direct reference for soul-group language, which is mostly popular or regression-derived. It supports concept mapping, not evidence that specific relationships are pre-assigned.
Distinguishes sound-healing claims from mainstream music therapy.
Companion to the exorcism entry; gives the broader anthropological / psychiatric framing of the underlying experience.
Conceptual home for chakras, auras, prana / qi / ki, and aural-energy claims more generally.
Use this for the history of synchronicity claims. It helps define the concept but does not establish that coincidences are externally arranged or causally meaningful.
Distinguishes the predictive use from the symbolic / reflective use.
Best general-audience entry point on terminal lucidity; pair with the university-based studies for primary sourcing.
Primary tradition-side reference for the magic / witchcraft claim; covers both the practice variants and the catastrophic historical harm.