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Plants are intelligent, here's how
Anthony Trewavas · 2019 · Annals of Botany, 125(1), 11-28
Spiritual Evidence Map/Last updated May 10, 2026/Claims v1.0.0-provisional/Sources v1.0.0/Scores provisional
Summary
Review defending a broad behavioral/adaptive sense of plant intelligence rooted in goal-directed adjustment and individual variation.
Why it matters here
Important for distinguishing plant intelligence from plant consciousness: the former is a live conceptual debate, the latter remains much more speculative.
Editorial note
The paper uses intelligence broadly. It should not be cited as direct evidence for plant pain, sentience, or animal-like consciousness.