Religious Experience
Mark Webb · 2022 · Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
This source is used as context evidence across 6 linked claims and 6 related evidence hubs. Its citation record is marked verified; that verifies the source trail, not the truth of any linked claim.
Summary
Surveys philosophical analysis of religious experience, including perceptual models, defeaters, diversity of reports, mystical experience, and whether first-person experience can count as evidence.
How this source is used on the map
Academic frame for first-person mystical and psychedelic experience reports, especially when users ask whether an experience can justify a metaphysical belief.
Citation record
- Authors
- Mark Webb
- Year
- 2022
- Publication
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Source type
- Philosophy reference
- Map role
- context
- Credibility level
- primary
- Citation status
- Verified
- DOI
- Not recorded
- PubMed
- Not recorded
- Not recorded
Linked claims
A central concept across the Abrahamic religions and beyond, with personal-encounter reports throughout history. Direct evidence essentially zero; the modern guardian-angel and angel-number reading is the weakest part.
Buddhist bodhi, Hindu moksha, Christian unitive states, Sufi fana — a remarkably consistent endpoint described across traditions, with growing neuroscience confirmation. The 'what it actually is' is the open question.
Reports of self-less, choiceless awareness are remarkably consistent across traditions and now well-documented in contemplative neuroscience.
Reported across every religious tradition. A small number of well-documented unexplained cures (Lourdes Medical Bureau) survive scrutiny; the inference to 'divine action' is a separate, much larger step.
OBEs are reliably triggered by temporo-parietal junction stimulation and certain drug states; veridical perception is rare and contested. 'Astral projection' is the same phenomenon read maximally — as literal travel through an astral plane — with no independent evidence beyond the OBE itself.
Modern clinical trials confirm psychedelics reliably induce mystical experiences with measurable lasting benefits. Whether the experience is 'true' is a separate question.
Related evidence hubs
Physics-adjacent worldviews — block universe, many-worlds, simulation, free will.
World religions and traditions, scored as systems.
Psychedelic, contemplative, and out-of-body experiences and what they may reveal.
Psychedelic, contemplative, out-of-body experience.
The nature of subjective experience.
Structured experiences during cardiac arrest and crisis.
Related research reports
A source-linked synthesis of mystical experience, meditation, psychedelics, DMT entities, out-of-body experiences, lucid dreams, and synchronicity.
A balanced synthesis of the strongest and weakest evidence across afterlife, consciousness, reincarnation, mystical, psi, and practice claims.
Related sources
Use this as the conceptual anchor for non-dual, unitive, and psychedelic-mystical claims. It supports the seriousness of the experience category without treating the metaphysical interpretation as settled.
Useful background for claims involving God, religious figures, or traditions because it clarifies what counts as a religious claim before evidence is weighed.
Default reference for the miracles claim's epistemic status; covers the Humean argument and the modern probabilistic responses.
Default reference for the angels claim; covers both the traditional theological role and the modern popular forms (guardian angels, angel numbers).
General-audience entry point; pair with SEP entries for specific arguments (cosmological, ontological, fine-tuning).
Primary tradition-side reference for the enlightenment claim; pair with wiki-moksha for the parallel Hindu framing and the SEP mysticism entry for the philosophical analysis.