Pseudoscience

Studies comparing real crystals to fake plastic ones consistently show identical (placebo) results.

A vast cross-cultural family of practices. Massive harm record (European witch trials, modern witch-killing); strict claim of supernatural causation has zero controlled evidence.

An ancient and modern system. No demonstrated accuracy beyond cold reading and Barnum effects.

Recurring geometric forms in nature and religious art are real and well-explained by physics, biology, and aesthetics. The metaphysical reading — that these forms encode universal truths — is the speculative part.

Practice claims — prayer, reiki, chakras, astrology, tarot, manifestation.

Reiki, chakras, auras, crystals, prayer healing.

Astrology, tarot, numerology, dream interpretation.

World religions and traditions, scored as systems.

Psychedelic, contemplative, and out-of-body experiences and what they may reveal.

Psychedelic, contemplative, out-of-body experience.

A careful guide to spiritual claims that are popular but weakly supported, including astrology, reiki, auras, crystals, manifestation, numerology, and predictive tarot.

Cites the most-discussed double-blind crystal study and is a reasonable starting point for the skeptical case.

Primary tradition-side reference for the magic / witchcraft claim; covers both the practice variants and the catastrophic historical harm.

Companion to the witchcraft entry; gives the broader anthropology-of-magic framing.

Direct evidence for the harm-risk side of the magic / witchcraft claim; cited routinely in the historical-harm bullet.

Useful general reference; classified as pseudoscience in the consensus view.

Gives the higher-self page a tradition-side psychological source while keeping Jung's Self distinct from a literal external guide.